Okla-homey
1/15/2007, 08:49 AM
look, we all know its MLK day -- this year, it actually falls on Dr King's birthday.
http://aycu38.webshots.com/image/8277/2003965741182365607_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003965741182365607)
The media will be full of stuff about King anyway, so, in your correspondents continuing effort to keep you informed on daily historical underpinnings and antecedents...
Jan 15, 1559: Elizabeth I crowned Queen of England
http://aycu11.webshots.com/image/9450/2004454972928906268_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2004454972928906268)
Two months after the death of her half-sister, Queen Mary I of England, Elizabeth Tudor, the 25-year-old daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, is crowned Queen Elizabeth I at Westminster Abbey in London.
http://aycu04.webshots.com/image/7803/2006136451735647170_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2006136451735647170)
Elizabeth I's pop, King Henry VIII
http://aycu15.webshots.com/image/10534/2006119983320656321_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2006119983320656321)
Henry VIII's wives. Generations of British schoolkids memorized their fates with this little ditty: "Divorced-beheaded-died, divorced-beheaded-survived"
The two half-sisters Mary I and Elizabeth, both daughters of Henry VIII, had a stormy relationship during Mary's five-year reign. Mary, who was brought up as a Catholic, enacted pro-Catholic legislation and made efforts to restore papal supremacy in England.
A Protestant rebellion ensued, and Queen Mary imprisoned Elizabeth, a Protestant, in the Tower of London on suspicion of complicity. After Mary's death, Elizabeth survived several Catholic plots against her; although her ascension was greeted with approval by most of England's lords, who were largely Protestant and hoped for greater religious tolerance under a Protestant queen.
Under the early guidance of Secretary of State Sir William Cecil, Elizabeth repealed Mary's pro-Catholic legislation, established a permanent Protestant Church of England, and encouraged the Calvinist reformers in Scotland.
http://aycu27.webshots.com/image/8906/2003218769833011031_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003218769833011031)
Sir William Cecil. He played a huge role in cementing Elizabeth's power early in her reign.
In foreign affairs, Elizabeth practiced a policy of strengthening England's Protestant allies and dividing her foes. Elizabeth was opposed by the Pope, who refused to recognize her legitimacy, and by Spain, a Catholic nation that was at the height of its power.
http://aycu23.webshots.com/image/7102/2004433735120245522_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2004433735120245522)
Queen Bess depicted with the Spanish Armada looming out the window behind her
In 1588, English-Spanish rivalry led to an abortive Spanish invasion of England in which the Spanish Armada, the greatest naval force in the world at the time, was destroyed by storms and a persistent Royal Navy.
http://aycu36.webshots.com/image/7195/2004442020504307767_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2004442020504307767)
The Armada is crushed by the nimbler and better fought ships of the Royal Navy, thus saving Britian from invasion
With increasing English domination at sea, Elizabeth encouraged voyages of discovery, such as Sir Francis Drake's circumnavigation of the world and Sir Walter Raleigh's expeditions to the North American coast.
http://aycu17.webshots.com/image/8896/2001193766342233257_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2001193766342233257)
The long reign of Elizabeth, who became known as the "Virgin Queen" for her reluctance to endanger her authority through marriage. See, in that period of history, if a female monarch married, that often created a king in her husband. The resulting king would naturally be in a position of dominance over his queen. "Good Queen Bess" had no interest in sharing, let alone losing, her sole power as the British monarch. As an aside, as you may know, Virginia is named in honor of the "Virgin Queen" HRH Elizabeth I.
The Virgin Queen moniker is kinda silly actually, and denies the truth, because historians generally agree, Queen Bess had many a romantic tryst and shared her bed with several suitors. She was careful never to get pregnant, or at least birth a child, which would have ruined her rep. as the Virgin Queen.
Her reign coincided with the flowering of the English Renaissance, associated with such renowned authors as William Shakespeare and the scientific advances of the father of modern inductive reasoning, Francis Bacon.
http://aycu40.webshots.com/image/8759/2004403633997268368_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2004403633997268368)
Frank "Don't Call Me Francis" Bacon.
Under Elizabeth I, the small island nation rose to unprecedented international prominence.
On March 23, 1603, Elizabeth died. When she came to power England was an internationally insignificant country. When she died it was a major European power exerting its will over much of the world.
Elizabeth was the last legitimate decendant of Henry VIII. She was succeeded by James I (a/k/a James VI of Scotland), son of Mary Queen of Scots (who Elizabeth I beheaded) and Mary's second husband, Elizabeth's cousin, Lord Darnley.
As an aside, Elizabeth's successor James I/VI was the British monarch who ordered an English translation of the Holy Bible which was published in 1611. That's why its commonly known as the King James Bible.
You can keep track of the British crowned heads with this program:
http://aycu04.webshots.com/image/10203/2004498803118811643_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2004498803118811643)
http://img213.imageshack.us/img213/2498/insane7zouj9.th.jpg (http://img213.imageshack.us/my.php?image=insane7zouj9.jpg)
http://aycu38.webshots.com/image/8277/2003965741182365607_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003965741182365607)
The media will be full of stuff about King anyway, so, in your correspondents continuing effort to keep you informed on daily historical underpinnings and antecedents...
Jan 15, 1559: Elizabeth I crowned Queen of England
http://aycu11.webshots.com/image/9450/2004454972928906268_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2004454972928906268)
Two months after the death of her half-sister, Queen Mary I of England, Elizabeth Tudor, the 25-year-old daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, is crowned Queen Elizabeth I at Westminster Abbey in London.
http://aycu04.webshots.com/image/7803/2006136451735647170_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2006136451735647170)
Elizabeth I's pop, King Henry VIII
http://aycu15.webshots.com/image/10534/2006119983320656321_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2006119983320656321)
Henry VIII's wives. Generations of British schoolkids memorized their fates with this little ditty: "Divorced-beheaded-died, divorced-beheaded-survived"
The two half-sisters Mary I and Elizabeth, both daughters of Henry VIII, had a stormy relationship during Mary's five-year reign. Mary, who was brought up as a Catholic, enacted pro-Catholic legislation and made efforts to restore papal supremacy in England.
A Protestant rebellion ensued, and Queen Mary imprisoned Elizabeth, a Protestant, in the Tower of London on suspicion of complicity. After Mary's death, Elizabeth survived several Catholic plots against her; although her ascension was greeted with approval by most of England's lords, who were largely Protestant and hoped for greater religious tolerance under a Protestant queen.
Under the early guidance of Secretary of State Sir William Cecil, Elizabeth repealed Mary's pro-Catholic legislation, established a permanent Protestant Church of England, and encouraged the Calvinist reformers in Scotland.
http://aycu27.webshots.com/image/8906/2003218769833011031_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003218769833011031)
Sir William Cecil. He played a huge role in cementing Elizabeth's power early in her reign.
In foreign affairs, Elizabeth practiced a policy of strengthening England's Protestant allies and dividing her foes. Elizabeth was opposed by the Pope, who refused to recognize her legitimacy, and by Spain, a Catholic nation that was at the height of its power.
http://aycu23.webshots.com/image/7102/2004433735120245522_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2004433735120245522)
Queen Bess depicted with the Spanish Armada looming out the window behind her
In 1588, English-Spanish rivalry led to an abortive Spanish invasion of England in which the Spanish Armada, the greatest naval force in the world at the time, was destroyed by storms and a persistent Royal Navy.
http://aycu36.webshots.com/image/7195/2004442020504307767_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2004442020504307767)
The Armada is crushed by the nimbler and better fought ships of the Royal Navy, thus saving Britian from invasion
With increasing English domination at sea, Elizabeth encouraged voyages of discovery, such as Sir Francis Drake's circumnavigation of the world and Sir Walter Raleigh's expeditions to the North American coast.
http://aycu17.webshots.com/image/8896/2001193766342233257_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2001193766342233257)
The long reign of Elizabeth, who became known as the "Virgin Queen" for her reluctance to endanger her authority through marriage. See, in that period of history, if a female monarch married, that often created a king in her husband. The resulting king would naturally be in a position of dominance over his queen. "Good Queen Bess" had no interest in sharing, let alone losing, her sole power as the British monarch. As an aside, as you may know, Virginia is named in honor of the "Virgin Queen" HRH Elizabeth I.
The Virgin Queen moniker is kinda silly actually, and denies the truth, because historians generally agree, Queen Bess had many a romantic tryst and shared her bed with several suitors. She was careful never to get pregnant, or at least birth a child, which would have ruined her rep. as the Virgin Queen.
Her reign coincided with the flowering of the English Renaissance, associated with such renowned authors as William Shakespeare and the scientific advances of the father of modern inductive reasoning, Francis Bacon.
http://aycu40.webshots.com/image/8759/2004403633997268368_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2004403633997268368)
Frank "Don't Call Me Francis" Bacon.
Under Elizabeth I, the small island nation rose to unprecedented international prominence.
On March 23, 1603, Elizabeth died. When she came to power England was an internationally insignificant country. When she died it was a major European power exerting its will over much of the world.
Elizabeth was the last legitimate decendant of Henry VIII. She was succeeded by James I (a/k/a James VI of Scotland), son of Mary Queen of Scots (who Elizabeth I beheaded) and Mary's second husband, Elizabeth's cousin, Lord Darnley.
As an aside, Elizabeth's successor James I/VI was the British monarch who ordered an English translation of the Holy Bible which was published in 1611. That's why its commonly known as the King James Bible.
You can keep track of the British crowned heads with this program:
http://aycu04.webshots.com/image/10203/2004498803118811643_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2004498803118811643)
http://img213.imageshack.us/img213/2498/insane7zouj9.th.jpg (http://img213.imageshack.us/my.php?image=insane7zouj9.jpg)