Okla-homey
10/5/2006, 08:16 AM
October 5, 1877: Chief Joseph surrenders
http://img84.imageshack.us/img84/4118/tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttchiefjosephuu4. jpg (http://imageshack.us)
Chief Joseph
129 years ago today, amid one of the last great attempts to maintain their way of life, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Indians surrenders to U.S. General Nelson A. Miles in the Bear Paw mountains of Montana, declaring, "Hear me, my chiefs: My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever."
http://img172.imageshack.us/img172/5190/tttttttttttttttttttttttttttnelsonappletonmilesli1. jpg (http://imageshack.us)
Nelson A. Miles
Earlier in the year, the U.S. government broke a treaty with the Nez Perce, forcing the group out of their homeland in Wallowa Valley in the Northwest for relocation in Idaho.
http://img213.imageshack.us/img213/791/ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttnezperceqa6.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
Flag of the modern Nez Perce Nation. It features Cheif Joseph at center, surrounded by an outline of the modern reservation land in Idaho and includes the Clearwater River and the tribe's ancesteral dietary staples of salmon and elk.
In the midst of their journey, Chief Joseph learned that three young Nez Perce warriors, enraged at the loss of their homeland, had massacred a band of white settlers. Fearing retaliation by the U.S. Army, the chief began one of the great retreats in American military history.
http://img84.imageshack.us/img84/51/tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttnezpercejb5.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
Nez Perce men. Confused by whites with a band Chinook people of the farther northwest, the Nez perce didn't actually engage in "nose piercing," but the name applied by French explorers in the 18th century stuck.
For more than three months, Chief Joseph led fewer than 300 Nez Perce Indians toward the Canadian border, covering a distance of more than 1,000 miles as the Nez Perce outmaneuvered and battled more than 2,000 pursuing U.S. soldiers.
http://img176.imageshack.us/img176/249/ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttnezpercetrailk o5.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
The Nez Perce Trail
During the long retreat, he treated prisoners humanely and won the admiration of whites by purchasing supplies along the way rather than stealing them.
http://img213.imageshack.us/img213/5859/tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt475pxnezpercewarri oroiq6.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
Nez Perce warrior, c. 1900.
Finally, only 40 miles short of his Canadian goal, Chief Joseph was cornered by the U.S. Army, and his people were forcibly relocated first to a concentration camp established on Ft Leavenworth Kansas where they wintered-over in 1877.
http://img218.imageshack.us/img218/7286/ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttuntitlednp4. png (http://imageshack.us)
Army records indicate around 400 men, women and children arrived at Ft. Leavenworth in November of 1877. Almost 100 Nez Perce died that winter at the camp established on the banks of the Missouri River at present day Sherman Army Airfield on Ft Leavenworth.
http://img209.imageshack.us/img209/6861/tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt432pxedwardsxe5.jp g (http://imageshack.us)
Nez Perce baby c.1900.
In the spring of 1878, the Nex Perce survivors were moved first to an areas around modern Tonkawa, Oklahoma, thence to a barren reservation populated by the Quapaw people.
The Nez Perce were eventually relocated and most now reside on tribal lands in Idaho's Snake River Basin. There are smaller bands of Nez Perce living on tribal lands in western Washington near Colville and in Northern Oregon.
http://img172.imageshack.us/img172/899/tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt1139622185pr4.jp g (http://imageshack.us)
http://img218.imageshack.us/img218/3128/tttttttttttttttttttttttttttnezpercerezzn9.gif (http://imageshack.us)
http://img225.imageshack.us/img225/8703/insane7zocy5.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
http://img84.imageshack.us/img84/4118/tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttchiefjosephuu4. jpg (http://imageshack.us)
Chief Joseph
129 years ago today, amid one of the last great attempts to maintain their way of life, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Indians surrenders to U.S. General Nelson A. Miles in the Bear Paw mountains of Montana, declaring, "Hear me, my chiefs: My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever."
http://img172.imageshack.us/img172/5190/tttttttttttttttttttttttttttnelsonappletonmilesli1. jpg (http://imageshack.us)
Nelson A. Miles
Earlier in the year, the U.S. government broke a treaty with the Nez Perce, forcing the group out of their homeland in Wallowa Valley in the Northwest for relocation in Idaho.
http://img213.imageshack.us/img213/791/ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttnezperceqa6.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
Flag of the modern Nez Perce Nation. It features Cheif Joseph at center, surrounded by an outline of the modern reservation land in Idaho and includes the Clearwater River and the tribe's ancesteral dietary staples of salmon and elk.
In the midst of their journey, Chief Joseph learned that three young Nez Perce warriors, enraged at the loss of their homeland, had massacred a band of white settlers. Fearing retaliation by the U.S. Army, the chief began one of the great retreats in American military history.
http://img84.imageshack.us/img84/51/tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttnezpercejb5.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
Nez Perce men. Confused by whites with a band Chinook people of the farther northwest, the Nez perce didn't actually engage in "nose piercing," but the name applied by French explorers in the 18th century stuck.
For more than three months, Chief Joseph led fewer than 300 Nez Perce Indians toward the Canadian border, covering a distance of more than 1,000 miles as the Nez Perce outmaneuvered and battled more than 2,000 pursuing U.S. soldiers.
http://img176.imageshack.us/img176/249/ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttnezpercetrailk o5.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
The Nez Perce Trail
During the long retreat, he treated prisoners humanely and won the admiration of whites by purchasing supplies along the way rather than stealing them.
http://img213.imageshack.us/img213/5859/tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt475pxnezpercewarri oroiq6.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
Nez Perce warrior, c. 1900.
Finally, only 40 miles short of his Canadian goal, Chief Joseph was cornered by the U.S. Army, and his people were forcibly relocated first to a concentration camp established on Ft Leavenworth Kansas where they wintered-over in 1877.
http://img218.imageshack.us/img218/7286/ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttuntitlednp4. png (http://imageshack.us)
Army records indicate around 400 men, women and children arrived at Ft. Leavenworth in November of 1877. Almost 100 Nez Perce died that winter at the camp established on the banks of the Missouri River at present day Sherman Army Airfield on Ft Leavenworth.
http://img209.imageshack.us/img209/6861/tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt432pxedwardsxe5.jp g (http://imageshack.us)
Nez Perce baby c.1900.
In the spring of 1878, the Nex Perce survivors were moved first to an areas around modern Tonkawa, Oklahoma, thence to a barren reservation populated by the Quapaw people.
The Nez Perce were eventually relocated and most now reside on tribal lands in Idaho's Snake River Basin. There are smaller bands of Nez Perce living on tribal lands in western Washington near Colville and in Northern Oregon.
http://img172.imageshack.us/img172/899/tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt1139622185pr4.jp g (http://imageshack.us)
http://img218.imageshack.us/img218/3128/tttttttttttttttttttttttttttnezpercerezzn9.gif (http://imageshack.us)
http://img225.imageshack.us/img225/8703/insane7zocy5.jpg (http://imageshack.us)