Okla-homey
8/12/2010, 06:12 AM
August 12, 1898: Spain Agrees to Peace
http://img483.imageshack.us/img483/9853/zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz14.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
112 years ago today, The brief and one-sided Spanish-American War comes to an end when Spain formally agrees to a peace protocol on U.S. terms: the cession of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Manila in the Philippines to the United States pending a final peace treaty
On May 1, 1898, the U.S. Asiatic Squadron destroyed the Spanish Pacific fleet in the Manila Bay in the first battle of the Spanish-American War. Nearly 400 Spanish sailors were killed and 10 Spanish warships wrecked or captured at the cost of only six Americans wounded.
http://img483.imageshack.us/img483/6973/zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz16.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
The Spanish-American War had its origins in the rebellion against Spanish rule that began in Cuba in 1895. The repressive measures that Spain took to suppress the guerrilla war, such as herding Cuba's rural population into disease-ridden garrison towns, were graphically portrayed in U.S. newspapers and enflamed public opinion.
In January 1898, violence in Havana led U.S. authorities to order the battleship USS Maine to the city's port to protect American citizens. On February 15, a massive explosion of unknown origin sank Maine in the Havana harbor, killing 260 of the 400 American crewmembers aboard.
http://img483.imageshack.us/img483/9161/zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz17.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
USS Maine
An official U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry ruled in March, without much evidence, that the ship was blown up by a mine but did not directly place the blame on Spain. The modern theory is that the Spanish had nothing to do with Maine's destruction, but instead she blew up as a result of an explosion in one of her coal bunkers caused by coal dust and a careless crewmember.
Much of Congress and a majority of the American public expressed little doubt that Spain was responsible even though the evidence was practically non-existent. People were itching for a fight and called for a declaration of war. The war-fever was egged on by the media, especially the Hearst newspaper empire which understood wars sold newspapers in an era when they were the only news source.
In April, the U.S. Congress prepared for war, adopting joint congressional resolutions demanding a Spanish withdrawal from Cuba and authorizing President William McKinley to use force. On April 23, President McKinley asked for 125,000 volunteers to fight against Spain. The next day, Spain issued a declaration of war. The United States declared war on April 25.
http://img483.imageshack.us/img483/8339/zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz15.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
President Bill McKinley. He was the third president assasinated after Lincoln and Garfield. Mt McKinley, the highest peak in the US is named for him.
http://img74.imageshack.us/img74/5512/460pxgeorgedeweywb5.jpg
Commodore George Dewey
U.S. Commodore George Dewey, in command of the seven-warship U.S. Asiatic Squadron anchored north of Hong Kong, was ordered to "capture or destroy" the Spanish Pacific fleet, which was known to be in the coastal waters of the Spanish-controlled Philippines.
On April 30, Dewey's lookouts caught sight of Luzon, the main Philippine island. That night, under cover of darkness and with the lights aboard the U.S. warships extinguished, the squadron slipped by the defensive guns of Corregidor Island and into Manila Bay.
At dawn, the Americans located the Spanish fleet: 10 warships anchored off the Cavite naval station. The U.S. fleet was well armed and well staffed, largely due to the efforts of the energetic assistant secretary of the navy, Theodore Roosevelt, who had also selected Dewey for the command of the Asiatic Squadron.
http://img483.imageshack.us/img483/3076/zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz7.gif (http://imageshack.us)
Commodore George Dewey aboard USS Olympia engaging the Spanish fleet.
At 5:41 a.m., at a range of 5,400 yards from the enemy, Commodore Dewey turned to the captain of his flagship, USS Olympia, and uttered some of the most famous words in US naval history when he stated, "You may fire when ready, Gridley."
Two hours later, the Spanish fleet was whittled down from 10 ships to four, and Dewey ordered a pause in the fighting. He met with his captains and ordered the crews a second breakfast.
The four surviving Spanish vessels, trapped in the little harbor at Cavite, refused to surrender, and at 11:15 a.m. fighting resumed. At 12:30 p.m., a signal was sent from the gunboat USS Petrel to Dewey's flagship: "The enemy has surrendered."
Dewey's decisive victory cleared the way for the U.S. occupation of Manila in August and the eventual transfer of the Philippines from Spanish to American control. In Cuba, Spanish forces likewise crumbled in the face of superior U.S. forces, and on August 12 an armistice was signed between Spain and the United States.
In December, the Treaty of Paris officially ended the brief Spanish-American War. The once-proud Spanish empire was virtually dissolved, and the United States gained its first overseas empire.
http://img217.imageshack.us/img217/5209/dddcruiserolympiaag6.jpg
Flagship of the US Asiatic Squadron, cruiser USS Olympia
At Paris, Puerto Rico and Guam were ceded to the United States, the Philippines were bought for $20 million, and Cuba became a U.S. protectorate. Philippine insurgents who fought against Spanish rule during the war immediately turned their guns against the new occupiers, and over the next 5 years, 10 times more U.S. troops died suppressing the Philippines than in defeating Spain.
http://img483.imageshack.us/img483/9853/zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz14.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
112 years ago today, The brief and one-sided Spanish-American War comes to an end when Spain formally agrees to a peace protocol on U.S. terms: the cession of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Manila in the Philippines to the United States pending a final peace treaty
On May 1, 1898, the U.S. Asiatic Squadron destroyed the Spanish Pacific fleet in the Manila Bay in the first battle of the Spanish-American War. Nearly 400 Spanish sailors were killed and 10 Spanish warships wrecked or captured at the cost of only six Americans wounded.
http://img483.imageshack.us/img483/6973/zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz16.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
The Spanish-American War had its origins in the rebellion against Spanish rule that began in Cuba in 1895. The repressive measures that Spain took to suppress the guerrilla war, such as herding Cuba's rural population into disease-ridden garrison towns, were graphically portrayed in U.S. newspapers and enflamed public opinion.
In January 1898, violence in Havana led U.S. authorities to order the battleship USS Maine to the city's port to protect American citizens. On February 15, a massive explosion of unknown origin sank Maine in the Havana harbor, killing 260 of the 400 American crewmembers aboard.
http://img483.imageshack.us/img483/9161/zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz17.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
USS Maine
An official U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry ruled in March, without much evidence, that the ship was blown up by a mine but did not directly place the blame on Spain. The modern theory is that the Spanish had nothing to do with Maine's destruction, but instead she blew up as a result of an explosion in one of her coal bunkers caused by coal dust and a careless crewmember.
Much of Congress and a majority of the American public expressed little doubt that Spain was responsible even though the evidence was practically non-existent. People were itching for a fight and called for a declaration of war. The war-fever was egged on by the media, especially the Hearst newspaper empire which understood wars sold newspapers in an era when they were the only news source.
In April, the U.S. Congress prepared for war, adopting joint congressional resolutions demanding a Spanish withdrawal from Cuba and authorizing President William McKinley to use force. On April 23, President McKinley asked for 125,000 volunteers to fight against Spain. The next day, Spain issued a declaration of war. The United States declared war on April 25.
http://img483.imageshack.us/img483/8339/zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz15.jpg (http://imageshack.us)
President Bill McKinley. He was the third president assasinated after Lincoln and Garfield. Mt McKinley, the highest peak in the US is named for him.
http://img74.imageshack.us/img74/5512/460pxgeorgedeweywb5.jpg
Commodore George Dewey
U.S. Commodore George Dewey, in command of the seven-warship U.S. Asiatic Squadron anchored north of Hong Kong, was ordered to "capture or destroy" the Spanish Pacific fleet, which was known to be in the coastal waters of the Spanish-controlled Philippines.
On April 30, Dewey's lookouts caught sight of Luzon, the main Philippine island. That night, under cover of darkness and with the lights aboard the U.S. warships extinguished, the squadron slipped by the defensive guns of Corregidor Island and into Manila Bay.
At dawn, the Americans located the Spanish fleet: 10 warships anchored off the Cavite naval station. The U.S. fleet was well armed and well staffed, largely due to the efforts of the energetic assistant secretary of the navy, Theodore Roosevelt, who had also selected Dewey for the command of the Asiatic Squadron.
http://img483.imageshack.us/img483/3076/zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz7.gif (http://imageshack.us)
Commodore George Dewey aboard USS Olympia engaging the Spanish fleet.
At 5:41 a.m., at a range of 5,400 yards from the enemy, Commodore Dewey turned to the captain of his flagship, USS Olympia, and uttered some of the most famous words in US naval history when he stated, "You may fire when ready, Gridley."
Two hours later, the Spanish fleet was whittled down from 10 ships to four, and Dewey ordered a pause in the fighting. He met with his captains and ordered the crews a second breakfast.
The four surviving Spanish vessels, trapped in the little harbor at Cavite, refused to surrender, and at 11:15 a.m. fighting resumed. At 12:30 p.m., a signal was sent from the gunboat USS Petrel to Dewey's flagship: "The enemy has surrendered."
Dewey's decisive victory cleared the way for the U.S. occupation of Manila in August and the eventual transfer of the Philippines from Spanish to American control. In Cuba, Spanish forces likewise crumbled in the face of superior U.S. forces, and on August 12 an armistice was signed between Spain and the United States.
In December, the Treaty of Paris officially ended the brief Spanish-American War. The once-proud Spanish empire was virtually dissolved, and the United States gained its first overseas empire.
http://img217.imageshack.us/img217/5209/dddcruiserolympiaag6.jpg
Flagship of the US Asiatic Squadron, cruiser USS Olympia
At Paris, Puerto Rico and Guam were ceded to the United States, the Philippines were bought for $20 million, and Cuba became a U.S. protectorate. Philippine insurgents who fought against Spanish rule during the war immediately turned their guns against the new occupiers, and over the next 5 years, 10 times more U.S. troops died suppressing the Philippines than in defeating Spain.