Okla-homey
3/31/2008, 07:12 AM
March 31, 1995: Longest strike in Major League Baseball history ends
http://aycu30.webshots.com/image/47909/2003377356816432223_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003377356816432223)
Thirteen years ago today, Major League Baseball players are sent back to work after the longest strike in baseball history ends in 1995. Because of the strike, the 1994 World Series was cancelled; it was the first time baseball did not crown a champion in 89 years.
During the negotiation of a new collective bargaining agreement, tensions between owners and players had arisen over the owners’ desire to institute a cap on player salaries. Claiming financial hardship, owners argued that player salaries, which had risen exponentially since the 1970s, had become unsustainable and, if not contained, would bankrupt the teams.
http://aycu24.webshots.com/image/50423/2003314543145793822_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003314543145793822)
The players, led by union head Donald Fehr, refused to agree to a cap; they pointed out that they had been underpaid for most of the sport’s history and called salary caps just the latest form of exploitation by owners.
http://aycu27.webshots.com/image/50426/2003399385070641497_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003399385070641497)
Donald Fehr
Until 1975, players were subject to a reserve clause that tied each player to one team for their career, destroying any free market and keeping player salaries artificially low. Heavily litigated throughout its history, the system was repeatedly upheld by courts notwithstanding the fact its practice resulted in an otherwise illegal conspiracy among teamowners to fix salaries. The gist of the cases was the court's view that "price-fixing is illegal, but we make exception for baseball."
After the reserve clause was abolished in arbitration, "free agency" drove salaries up, as owners were forced to bid against one another for players’ services. After the 1985 season, owners agreed in secret not to sign one another’s players, and all 28 major league teams sat idly by during the next three off-seasons. Upon discovering the conspiracy, the players’ union sued and won a $280 million judgment.
When the collective bargaining agreement between Major League Baseball and the Players Association expired in 1994, bad blood remained and negotiations over a new deal soon turned sour. On August 12 1994, owners locked the players out, and the rest of the 1994 season was cancelled.
http://aycu33.webshots.com/image/49152/2003330179744240229_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003330179744240229)
Long-suffering fans in Montreal and Yankee fans in New York were especially disappointed, as their teams led the National League and American League, respectively, at the time of the lock-out. In fact, that fan disappointment put a bullet in the brain of the Expos who never regained significant fan support, ultimately left Montreal and became the Washington Nationals.
In December 1994, President Clinton met with the lead negotiators of both sides, to no avail. Toward the end of March, on the eve of the new baseball season, 28 of 30 owners voted to field replacement teams, but on March 31, Judge Sonia Sontomayor stepped in, issuing an injunction against owners from locking players out. Finally, on April 2, 1995, the players returned to work.
http://aycu16.webshots.com/image/48615/2003351427654808898_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003351427654808898)
Judge Sontomayor. First latino woman to serve on the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Baseball’s fans were not forgiving. Attendance in 1995 was the lowest in years, dropping from an average 31,000 per game in 1993 to just 25,000. Fans picketed at opening day games, angry at players and owners alike.
On Opening Day in 1995, three men, who were each wearing T-shirts emblazoned with the word "Greed", leaped onto the field at Shea Stadium and tossed more than $150 in $1 bills at players. In Cincinnati, one fan paid for a plane to fly over Riverfront Stadium that dragged a sign reading "Players and Owners — To Hell With You!"
http://aycu37.webshots.com/image/48556/2003315353103031771_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003315353103031771)
The meager crowds at the openers often booed at the players for their rusty fundamentals, shoddy defense, and in response to frequent high-scoring contests. Fans in Pittsburgh disrupted Opening Day by throwing sticks on the field, and holding up the action for 17 minutes. Despite just 6,300 fans at the New York Yankees' pre-opening workout, 50,245 showed up for the opener, the smallest opening crowd at Yankee Stadium since 1990.
http://aycu05.webshots.com/image/48604/2005778872174441154_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2005778872174441154)
Thankfully for baseball, "The Iron Man" Cal Ripken’s breaking of Lou Gehrig’s streak for consecutive games played on September 6, 1995, finally broke the ice. Ripken’s incredible work ethic and commitment to the game is said to have saved baseball’s place in the hearts of fans.
http://aycu25.webshots.com/image/47784/2003309351433288596_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003309351433288596)
The collective bargaining agreement between players and owners was not renewed until 1996. When that agreement expired in 2002, owners and players, having learned the unforgiving nature of their fans in 1995, were able to ratify a new deal without a work stoppage.
http://aycu23.webshots.com/image/50342/2005784352783439031_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2005784352783439031)
The effect of the end of salary caps
http://aycu39.webshots.com/image/51398/2003375717340980032_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003375717340980032)
All isn't moonlight and roses these days either
http://aycu30.webshots.com/image/47909/2003377356816432223_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003377356816432223)
Thirteen years ago today, Major League Baseball players are sent back to work after the longest strike in baseball history ends in 1995. Because of the strike, the 1994 World Series was cancelled; it was the first time baseball did not crown a champion in 89 years.
During the negotiation of a new collective bargaining agreement, tensions between owners and players had arisen over the owners’ desire to institute a cap on player salaries. Claiming financial hardship, owners argued that player salaries, which had risen exponentially since the 1970s, had become unsustainable and, if not contained, would bankrupt the teams.
http://aycu24.webshots.com/image/50423/2003314543145793822_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003314543145793822)
The players, led by union head Donald Fehr, refused to agree to a cap; they pointed out that they had been underpaid for most of the sport’s history and called salary caps just the latest form of exploitation by owners.
http://aycu27.webshots.com/image/50426/2003399385070641497_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003399385070641497)
Donald Fehr
Until 1975, players were subject to a reserve clause that tied each player to one team for their career, destroying any free market and keeping player salaries artificially low. Heavily litigated throughout its history, the system was repeatedly upheld by courts notwithstanding the fact its practice resulted in an otherwise illegal conspiracy among teamowners to fix salaries. The gist of the cases was the court's view that "price-fixing is illegal, but we make exception for baseball."
After the reserve clause was abolished in arbitration, "free agency" drove salaries up, as owners were forced to bid against one another for players’ services. After the 1985 season, owners agreed in secret not to sign one another’s players, and all 28 major league teams sat idly by during the next three off-seasons. Upon discovering the conspiracy, the players’ union sued and won a $280 million judgment.
When the collective bargaining agreement between Major League Baseball and the Players Association expired in 1994, bad blood remained and negotiations over a new deal soon turned sour. On August 12 1994, owners locked the players out, and the rest of the 1994 season was cancelled.
http://aycu33.webshots.com/image/49152/2003330179744240229_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003330179744240229)
Long-suffering fans in Montreal and Yankee fans in New York were especially disappointed, as their teams led the National League and American League, respectively, at the time of the lock-out. In fact, that fan disappointment put a bullet in the brain of the Expos who never regained significant fan support, ultimately left Montreal and became the Washington Nationals.
In December 1994, President Clinton met with the lead negotiators of both sides, to no avail. Toward the end of March, on the eve of the new baseball season, 28 of 30 owners voted to field replacement teams, but on March 31, Judge Sonia Sontomayor stepped in, issuing an injunction against owners from locking players out. Finally, on April 2, 1995, the players returned to work.
http://aycu16.webshots.com/image/48615/2003351427654808898_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003351427654808898)
Judge Sontomayor. First latino woman to serve on the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Baseball’s fans were not forgiving. Attendance in 1995 was the lowest in years, dropping from an average 31,000 per game in 1993 to just 25,000. Fans picketed at opening day games, angry at players and owners alike.
On Opening Day in 1995, three men, who were each wearing T-shirts emblazoned with the word "Greed", leaped onto the field at Shea Stadium and tossed more than $150 in $1 bills at players. In Cincinnati, one fan paid for a plane to fly over Riverfront Stadium that dragged a sign reading "Players and Owners — To Hell With You!"
http://aycu37.webshots.com/image/48556/2003315353103031771_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003315353103031771)
The meager crowds at the openers often booed at the players for their rusty fundamentals, shoddy defense, and in response to frequent high-scoring contests. Fans in Pittsburgh disrupted Opening Day by throwing sticks on the field, and holding up the action for 17 minutes. Despite just 6,300 fans at the New York Yankees' pre-opening workout, 50,245 showed up for the opener, the smallest opening crowd at Yankee Stadium since 1990.
http://aycu05.webshots.com/image/48604/2005778872174441154_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2005778872174441154)
Thankfully for baseball, "The Iron Man" Cal Ripken’s breaking of Lou Gehrig’s streak for consecutive games played on September 6, 1995, finally broke the ice. Ripken’s incredible work ethic and commitment to the game is said to have saved baseball’s place in the hearts of fans.
http://aycu25.webshots.com/image/47784/2003309351433288596_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003309351433288596)
The collective bargaining agreement between players and owners was not renewed until 1996. When that agreement expired in 2002, owners and players, having learned the unforgiving nature of their fans in 1995, were able to ratify a new deal without a work stoppage.
http://aycu23.webshots.com/image/50342/2005784352783439031_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2005784352783439031)
The effect of the end of salary caps
http://aycu39.webshots.com/image/51398/2003375717340980032_rs.jpg (http://allyoucanupload.webshots.com/v/2003375717340980032)
All isn't moonlight and roses these days either